Waseem Jerjes BDS MBBS MSc MDres PhD
MICR MFMLM FHEA FAcadMed FODI

Jerjes W, Swinson B, Pickard D, Thomas GJ, Hopper C. Detection of cervical intranodal metastasis in oral cancer using elastic scattering spectroscopy. Oral Oncol. 2004 Aug;40(7):673-8.

While histopathology remains the gold standard for tissue diagnosis, several new diagnostic techniques are being developed that rely on physical and biochemical changes that mirror or precede malignant change within tissue.

The aim of this study was to compare findings of elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) with histopathology on formalin fixed neck dissection specimens to see if this technique could be used as an adjunct or alternative to histopathology in defining nodal involvement. The technique involves the use of Mie scattering and is a simple non-invasive method of tissue interrogation.

One hundred and thirty lymph nodes were examined from 13 patients who underwent neck dissection. The nodes were formalin fixed, bivalved and examined by ESS using a pulsed xenon lamp. The intensity of the spectrum at 4 points was considered for comparison; at 360, 450, 630 and 690 nm.

The nodes were then routinely processed and haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections examined histopathologically, and the results compared. Using this technique, a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 68% were obtained.

Swinson BD, Jerjes W, Thompson G. Current practice in the management of frontal sinus fractures. J Laryngol Otol. 2004 Dec;118(12):927-32.

Fractures of the frontal sinus are seen predominantly, although not exclusively, in young men and are usually the result of road traffic accidents or falls.

These types of injury may present to either ENT, Maxillofacial, Plastic or Neurosurgery teams, and understanding of a clear management protocol is desirable for each of the specialties. The optimal management of these injuries is becoming more uniformly adopted although some areas of contention still persist. The aim of treatment has always been directed at creating a ’safe sinus’ that is not complicated by the late sequelae of infection or mucocele formation. The difficulty lies in being able to predict which patients are likely to develop these complications.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the literature and offer a rationale for the management of these injuries.

Jerjes W, Swinson B, Johnson KS, Thomas GJ, Hopper C. Assessment of bony resection margins in oral cancer using elastic scattering spectroscopy: a study on archival material. Arch Oral Biol. 2005 Mar;50(3):361-6.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma has been shown to infiltrate local bone necessitating either a local or segmental resection for clearance. The current decalcification process takes several weeks before histological examination of the margins is possible. The aim of this study was to determine whether elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) could be used to identify bone resection margins positive for tumour.

We used an ESS biopsy (optical biopsy) system to assess formalin fixed bone margins resected for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and compared the results with the histopathological diagnosis.

Archival specimens obtained in oral cancer resections over the last 10 years were used, the ESS spectra were obtained from residual resection margins immediately adjacent to the area from which sections were cut and the results correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. Three hundred and forty-one spectra were used in this study taken from the mandibular specimens of 21 patients, of which 231 spectra were taken from histologically positive sites and the rest were of normal tissue. Two different sets of spectra were obtained and using a linear discriminant analysis, a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 80% were obtained.

These results suggest that ESS may identify tumour involvement of resection margins. This study, on formalin fixed tissue, was shown to be reliable and may significantly reduce pathology workload. If these findings can be applied in vivo, this would be an accurate and instant mechanism for assessment of margins in clinical practice.

Jerjes W, Banu B, Swinson B, Hopper C. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia in a young Indian woman. A case report. Br Dent J. 2005 Apr 23;198(8):477-8.

We present a rare case of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) occurring in a 27-year-old Indian woman. She presented with three lesions, two of them symmetrical, at the posterior region of the mandible. Another lesion appeared nine months later, symmetrical to the existing third lesion. This confirmed the diagnosis of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia as being symmetrical asymptomatic bone lesions occurring in the jaw. The diagnosis was made radiographically depending on a series of radiographs, as biopsy is contraindicated. No treatment was required as the lesions were asymptomatic, causing no problem to the patient. The patient continues to be reviewed annually. The case is rare in its unusual combination of the disease itself (FCOD), age (27 years) and race (Indian). Clinical and radiological features are presented.

Jerjes W, Swinson B, Banu B, Al Khawalde M, Hopper C. Paraesthesia of the lip and chin area resolved by endodontic treatment: A case report and review of literature. Br Dent J. 2005 Jun 25;198(12):743-5.

Lower lip numbness is a symptom that may be due to entirely benign causes, or it may be the first sign of a more sinister problem. It has been reported as being the sole symptom of pathological lesions and metastatic tumours in the mandible.

Swinson BD, Jerjes W, Thomas GJ. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a residual odontogenic cyst: case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Aug;63(8):1231-3.

El-Maaytah M, Al Kayed A, Al Qudah M, Al Ahmad H, Moutasim K, Jerjes W, Al Khawalde M, Abu Hammad O, Dar Odeh N, El-Maaytah K, Al Shmailan Y, Porter S, Scully C. Willingness of dentists in Jordan to treat HIV-infected patients. Oral Dis. 2005 Sep;11(5):31

Swinson B, El Maaytah M, Jerjes W, Hopper C. Elastic scattering spectroscopy findings in formalin-fixed oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens. Proceedings of SPIE (Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers), Nov 2005, Volume 5968:164-171.

Swinson B, Jerjes W, El-Maaytah M, Norris P, Hopper C. Optical techniques in diagnosis of head and neck malignancy. Oral Oncol. 2006 Mar;42(3):221-8.

The “gold standard” of assessing pathological changes in tissue is currently histopathology. However, the processing of biopsy material and the interpretation of the results inevitably leads to diagnostic delay and the added possibility of taking an unrepresentative sample.

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of optical spectroscopy systems to be able to provide tissue diagnosis in real-time, non-invasively and in situ. These systems rely on the fact that the optical spectrum derived from any tissue will contain information about the histological and biochemical make up of that tissue. The technique has not only been shown to have a role in the detection of dysplasia and malignancy but also in performing guided biopsies, monitoring of haemoglobin tissue perfusion in free-flaps and therapeutic drug levels during chemo- and photodynamic therapy. The assessment of surgical margins and a role in sentinel node biopsy are also interesting developments.

The obvious advantages of being able to accurately diagnose pathology without the need to remove a tissue sample diminish patient trauma as well as having financial implications.

Jerjes W, Jerjes WK, Swinson B, Kumar S, Leeson R, Wood PJ, Kattan M, Hopper C. Midazolam in the reduction of surgical stress: a randomized clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005 Nov;100(5):564-70.

Sharwani A, Jerjes W, Salih V, Swinson B, Bigio IJ, El-Maaytah M, Hopper C. Assessment of oral premalignancy using elastic scattering spectroscopy. Oral Oncol. 2006 Apr;42(4):343-9.

Sharwani A, Jerjes W, Salih V, MacRobert AJ, El-Maaytah M, Khalil HS, Hopper C. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in detecting oral premalignancy. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2006 Apr 3;83(1)

Jerjes W, El-Maaytah M, Swinson B, Banu B, Upile T, D'Sa S, Al-Khawalde M, Chaib B, Hopper C. Experience versus complication rate in third molar surgery. Head Face Med. 2006 May 25;2:14.

Swinson B, Ryan F, Barrett AW, Jerjes W, Landon G, Calonje E, Kalavrezos N. Histiocytoid eccrine sweat gland carcinoma of the eyelid: report of a case. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006 Nov;31(6):786-9.

Sharwani A, Jerjes W, Hopper C, Lewis MP, El-Maaytah M, Khalil HS, Macrobert AJ, Upile T, Salih V. Photodynamic therapy down-regulates the invasion promoting factors in human oral cancer. Arch Oral Biol. 2006 Dec;51(12):1104-11.

Jerjes W, Swinson B, Moles DR, El-Maaytah M, Banu B, Upile T, Kumar M, Al Khawalde M, Vourvachis M, Hadi H, Kumar S, Hopper C. Permanent sensory nerve impairment following third molar surgery: a prospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 Oct;102(4):e1-7.

Upile T, Jerjes W, El Maaytah M, Hopper C, Searle A, Wright A. Direct microvascular monitoring of a free autologous jejunal flap using microendoscopy: a case report. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2006 Sep 29;6:14.

Upile T, Fisher C, Jerjes W, El Maaytah M, Searle A, Archer D, Michaels L, Rhys-Evans P, Hopper C, Howard D, Wright A. The uncertainty of the surgical margin in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2007 Apr;43(4):321-6.

We discuss our surgical philosophy concerning the subtle interplay between the size of the surgical margin taken and the resultant morbidity from ablative oncological procedures, which is ever more evident in the treatment of head and neck malignancy. The extent of tissue resection is determined by the “trade off” between cancer control and the perioperative, functional and aesthetic morbidity and mortality of the surgery. We also discuss our dilemmas concerning recent minimally invasive endoscopic microsurgical techniques for the trans-oral laser removal or co-ablation of aero-digestive tract tumours, which result in a minimal surgical margin of oncological clearance. By a process of inductive argument as to the nature of the surgical margin, we consider whether the risks of taking a lesser margin with adjuvant therapy is justified by the attendant gain in reduced surgical morbidity and the possible costs in tumour control.

Kafas P, Jerjes W, Hopper C, Dalabiras S. Complications Following Lower Third Molar Surgery in a Specific Age Group: A Prospective Study. Surgery Journal 2007; 2(4):50-54.

El Maaytah M, Jerjes W, Upile T, Swinson B, Hopper C, Ayliffe P. Bruxism secondary to brain injury treated with botulinum toxin-A: a case report. Head Face Med. 2006 Nov 23;2:41.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sipaul F, El Maaytah M, Singh S, Howard D, Hopper C, Wright A. Laryngocele: a rare complication of surgical tracheostomy. BMC Surg. 2006 Nov 27;6:14.

Upile T, Jerjes W, El Maaytah M, Singh S, Hopper C, Mahil J. Reversible atrial fibrillation secondary to a mega-oesophagus. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2006 Dec 13;6:15.

Jerjes W, El-Maaytah M, Swinson B, Upile T, Thompson G, Gittelmon S, Baldwin  D, Hadi H, Vourvachis M, Abizadeh N, Al Khawalde M, Hopper C. Inferior alveolar nerve injury and surgical difficulty prediction in third molar surgery: the role  of dental panoramic tomography. J Clin Dent. 2006;17(5):122-30.

Jerjes W, Madland G, Feinmann C, Hopper C, Kumar M, Upile T, Kudari M, Newman S. A psychological comparison of temporomandibular disorder and chronic daily headache: are there targets for therapeutic interventions? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Mar;103(3):367-73.

Upile T, Fisher C, Jerjes W, El Maaytah M, Singh S, Sudhoff H, Searle A, Archer D, Michaels L, Hopper C, Rhys-Evans P, Howard D, Wright A. Recent technological developments: in situ histopathological interrogation of surgical tissues and resection margins. Head Face Med. 2007 Mar 1;3:13.

Jerjes W, Madland G, Feinmann C, El Maaytah M, Kumar M, Hopper C, Upile T, Newman S. Psycho-education programme for temporomandibular disorders: a pilot study. J Negat Results Biomed. 2007 Mar 23;6:4.

Jerjes W, Hopper C, Kumar M, Upile T, Madland G, Newman S, Feinmann C. Psychological intervention in acute dental pain: review. Br Dent J. 2007 Mar 24;202(6):337-43.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sipaul F, El Maaytah M, Nouraei SA, Singh S, Hopper C, Wright A. The role of surgical audit in improving patient management; nasal haemorrhage: an audit study. BMC Surg. 2007 Sep 13;7:19.

Upile T, Sipaul F, Jerjes W, Singh S, Nouraei SA, El Maaytah M, Andrews P, Graham J, Hopper C, Wright A. The acute effects of alcohol on auditory thresholds. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2007 Sep 18;7:4.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Betz CS, El Maaytah M, Wright A, Hopper C. Optical diagnostic techniques in the head and neck. Dent Update. 2007 Sep;34(7):410-2, 415-6, 419-20 passim.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Nouraei SA, Singh S, Clarke P, Rhys-Evans P, Hopper C, Howard D, Wright A, Sudhoff H, Fisher C, Sandison A. How we do it: a method of neck dissection for histopathological analysis. BMC Surg. 2007 Oct 31;7:21.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sipaul F, Singh S, Hopper C, Wright A, Sandison A. Rheumatoid nodule of the thyrohyoid membrane: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2007 Oct 31;1:123.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Betz CS, El Maaytah M, Abbas S, Wright A, Hopper C. The application of photodynamic therapy in the head and neck. Dent Update. 2007 Oct;34(8):478-80, 483-4, 486.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Mahil J. Q fever-related otological manifestations following chronic exposure to products of conception? Br J Dermatol. 2008 Jun;158(6):1389.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sipaul F, Maaytah ME, Singh S, Hopper C, Wright A. A change in UK epistaxis management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Nov;265(11):1349-54.

El-Maaytah M, Smith SF, Jerjes W, Upile T, Petrie A, Kalavrezos N, Ayliffe P, Newman L, Hopper C, Lloyd T. The effect of the new "24 hour alcohol licensing law" on the incidence of facial trauma in London. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Sep;46(6):460-3.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sandison A, Singh S, Rhys-Evans P, Sudhoff H, Hopper C. The direct effects of stored blood products may worsen prognosis of cancer patients; shall we transfuse or not? An explanation of the adverse oncological consequences of blood product transfusion with a testable hypothesis driven experimental research protocol. Med Hypotheses. 2008 Oct;71(4):489-92.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Abbas S, Kafas P, Vourvachis M, Rob J, Mc Carthy E, Angouridakis N, Hopper C. Muscle disorders and dentition-related aspects in temporomandibular disorders: controversies in the most commonly used treatment modalities. Int Arch Med. 2008 Oct 30;1(1):23.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Abbas S, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy role in the premalignancy/ malignancy of the head and neck. Oncology News 2008 Feb-Mar,2(5):8-10.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Kafas P, Angouridakis N, Hopper C. The novel use of the micro-endoscope to diagnose oral lichen planus: a case study. Surgery Journal 2008; 3(3):64-68.

Kafas P, Angouridakis N, Dabarakis N, Jerjes W. Diode laser lingual frenectomy may be performed without local anaesthesia. International Journal of Orofacial Science 2008;1:1.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Abbas S, Vincent A, Hopper C. The developing role of photodynamic therapy in multidisciplinary oncological care. Oncology News 2008 Oct-Nov,3(3):12-15.

Betz CS, Stepp H, Havel M, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hopper C, Sroka R, Leunig A. A set of optical techniques for improving the diagnosis of early upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Medical Laser Applications 2008, 23(4),175-185.

McKenzie G, Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Hopper C. Multiple beams boost resolution of OCT. BioOptics World 2008 Nov-Dec:28-30.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Betz CS, Abbas S, Sandison A, Hopper C. Detection of oral pathologies using optical coherence tomography. European Oncological 2008, 4(1):57-59.

El-Maaytah MA, Jerjes W, Upile T, Patel BJ, Hammad OA, Odeh ND, Al-Dabbagh KM, El-Maaytah KA, Shmailan YA, Scully CM. Willingness of Jordanian clinicians to treat a hepatitis B-infected patient. Quintessence Int. 2008 Apr;39(4):e147-51.

El-Naggar AK, Hopper C, Upile T, Jerjes W. Head & Neck Oncology: purpose, scope and goals-charting the future. Head Neck Oncol. 2009 Jan 12;1:1.

For many years now there has been a growing frustration with the statistics of head and neck cancer. Despite the many advances in diagnosis and therapy, there has been little change in the prognosis for most cancers of the head and neck in the last 50 years, so what is the point of yet another journal? Well, it is not all bad news.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Kafas P, Singh SU, Sudhoff H, Mahil J, Sandison A, Hopper C. Ethical and technical considerations for the creation of cell lines in the head & neck and tissue harvesting for research and drug development (Part I): techniques of tissue harvesting and propagation. Int Arch Med. 2009 Apr 3;2(1):8.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Kafas P, Singh SU, Mahil J, Sandison A, Hopper C, Sudhoff H. Ethical and technical considerations for the creation of cell lines in the head & neck and tissue harvesting for research and drug development (Part II): ethical aspects of obtaining tissue specimens. Int Arch Med. 2009 Apr 3;2(1):9.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Vincent A, Abbas S, Shah P, Mosse CA, McCarthy E, El-Maaytah M, Topping W, Morley S, Hopper C. Management of deep-seated malformations with photodynamic therapy: a new guiding imaging modality. Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Sep;24(5):769-75.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Kafas P, Harini S, Singh SU, Guyer M, Bentley M, Sudhoff H, Hopper C. Salivary VEGF: a non-invasive angiogenic and lymphangiogenic proxy in head and neck cancer prognostication. Int Arch Med. 2009 Apr 24;2(1):12.

Upile T, Patel NN, Jerjes W, Singh NU, Sandison A, Michaels L. Advances in the understanding of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helices: the perichondrial vasculitis theory. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Apr;34(2):147-50.

Mahil J, Jerjes W, Upile T. Re: Is 2 weeks off work too generous after common ENT operations? Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Apr;34(2):167.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sterenborg HJ, El-Naggar AK, Sandison A, Witjes MJ, Biel MA, Bigio I, Wong BJ, Gillenwater A, MacRobert AJ, Robinson DJ, Betz CS, Stepp H, Bolotine L, McKenzie G, Mosse CA, Barr H, Chen Z, Berg K, D'Cruz AK, Stone N, Kendall C, Fisher S, Leunig A, Olivo M, Richards-Kortum R, Soo KC, Bagnato V, Choo-Smith LP, Svanberg K, Tan IB, Wilson BC, Wolfsen H, Yodh AG, Hopper C. Head & neck optical diagnostics: vision of the future of surgery. Head Neck Oncol. 2009 Jul 13;1:25.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Conn B, Hamdoon Z, Betz CS, McKenzie G, Radhi H, Vourvachis M, El Maaytah M, Sandison A, Jay A, Hopper C. In vitro examination of suspicious oral lesions using optical coherence tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Jan;48(1):18-25.

Stavrianos C, Kafas P, Jerjes W, Upile T, Stavrianous I, Nazaroglou I, Kafas G. Disease phobia in patients with temporomandibular joint pain assessed by the Illness Attitude Scale. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2009;52(2):73-5.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Nouraei SA, Singh SU, Kafas P, Sandison A, Sudhoff H, Hopper C. The stylomastoid artery as an anatomical landmark to the facial nerve during parotid surgery: a clinico-anatomic study. World J Surg Oncol. 2009 Sep 28;7:71.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Nhembe F, Bhandari R, Mackay S, Shah P, Mosse CA, Brookes JA, Morley S, Hopper C. Ultrasound-guided photodynamic therapy for deep seated pathologies: prospective study. Lasers Surg Med. 2009 Nov;41(9):612-21. 

Goon PK, Stanley MA, Ebmeyer J, Steinsträsser L, Upile T, Jerjes W, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Görner M, Sudhoff HH. HPV & head and neck cancer: a descriptive update. Head Neck Oncol. 2009 Oct 14;1:36.

Kafas P, Stavrianos C, Jerjes W, Upile T, Vourvachis M, Theodoridis M, Stavrianou I. Upper-lip laser frenectomy without infiltrated anaesthesia in a paediatric patient: a case report. Cases J. 2009 May 20;2:7138.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Kafas P, Abbas S, Rob J, McCarthy E, McCarthy P, Hopper C. Third molar surgery: the patient's and the clinician's perspective. Int Arch Med. 2009 Oct 24;2(1):32.

Upile T, Elmiyeh B, Jerjes W, Prasad V, Kafas P, Abiola J, Youl B, Epstein R, Hopper C, Sudhoff H, Rubin J. Unilateral versus bilateral thyroarytenoid Botulinum toxin injections in adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a prospective study. Head Face Med. 2009 Oct 24;5:20.

Nhembe F, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Hopper C. Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid treated with interstitial photodynamic therapy: case study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2009 Sep-Dec;6(3-4):235-7.

Kafas P, Upile T, Angouridakis N, Stavrianos C, Dabarakis N, Jerjes W. Dysaesthesia in the mental nerve distribution triggered by a foreign body: a case report. Cases J. 2009 Oct 28;2:169.

Upile T, Jerjes WK, Nouraei SA, Grant W, Singh S, Sudhoff H, Hopper C. Further anatomical approaches to parotid surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 May;267(5):793-800.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Mahil J, Sudhoff H, Hopper C, Wright A. Blood product transfusion and cancer prognosis. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2009 Oct;7(10):656-61.

Nazaroglou I, Stavrianos C, Kafas P, Matoulas E, Upile T, Barlas I, Jerjes W. Radiographic evaluation of bone regeneration after the application of plasma rich in growth factors in a lower third molar socket: a case report. Cases J. 2009 Dec 3;2:9134.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Shah P, Nhembe F, Gudka D, Kafas P, McCarthy E, Abbas S, Patel S, Hamdoon Z, Abiola J, Vourvachis M, Kalkani M, Al-Khawalde M, Leeson R, Banu B, Rob J, El-Maaytah M, Hopper C. Risk factors associated with injury to the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves following third molar surgery-revisited. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Mar;109(3):335-45.

Kafas P, Dalfas S, Upile T, Jerjes W. Uncommon synchronous histopathological features of a radicular cyst: a case report. Cases J. 2009 Aug 25;2:9067.

Shah P, El-Maaytah M, Jerjes W, Upile T, Ayliffe P. Interleukin 12 receptor beta1 chain deficiency in a child with disseminated tuberculosis: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Apr;68(4):909-11.

Patel S, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hopper C. TMJ arthroscopy: rare neurological complications associated with breach of the skull base. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Jun;48(4):e18-20.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Petrie A, Riskalla A, Hamdoon Z, Vourvachis M, Karavidas K, Jay A, Sandison A, Thomas GJ, Kalavrezos N, Hopper C. Clinicopathological parameters, recurrence, locoregional and distant metastasis in 115 T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Head Neck Oncol. 2010 Apr 20;2:9.

El-Maaytah M, Shah P, Jerjes W, Upile T, Ayliffe P. Cervical lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium malmoense. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Jul;68(7):1690-4.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hoonjan P, Hopper C. Endoluminal carotid stenting prior to photodynamic therapy to pericarotid malignant disease: technical advance. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2010 Jun;7(2):126-8.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Upile T, Osher J, Hopper C. Lacrimal gland mantle lymphoma treated with photodynamic therapy: overview and report of a case. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2010 Jun;7(2):129-33.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Nhembe F, Gudka D, Shah P, Abbas S, McCarthy E, Patel S, Mahil J, Hopper C. Experience in third molar surgery: an update. Br Dent J. 2010 Jul 10;209(1):E1.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Shah P, Abbas S, Vincent A, Hopper C. TMJ arthroscopy in patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome: case series. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Aug;110(2):e12-20.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Upile T, Akram S, Hopper C. Cystic hygroma treated with ultrasound guided interstitial photodynamic therapy: case study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2010 Sep;7(3):179-82.

Shah P, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hopper C. The effective management of a leg hemangioma using ultrasound-guided interstitial photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2010 Sep;7(3):201-3.

Kafas P, Upile T, Stavrianos C, Angouridakis N, Jerjes W. Mucogingival overgrowth in a geriatric patient. Dermatol Online J. 2010 Aug 15;16(8):7.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Akram S, Hopper C. The surgical palliation of advanced head and neck cancer using photodynamic therapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2010 Nov;22(9):785-91.

El-Maaytah M, Jerjes W, Shah P, Upile T, Murphy C, Ayliffe P. Gingival hyperplasia associated with juvenile hyaline fibromatosis: a case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Oct;68(10):2604-8.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hopper C. Politically driven. Br Dent J. 2010 Nov;209(9):423-4.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Upile T, Akram S, Hopper C. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the orofacial region: A novel method to alleviate symptoms and control disease progression. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2010 Dec;7(4):246-50.

Nhembe F, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Vaz F, Hopper C. Subglottic carcinoma treated with surgery and adjuvant photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2010 Dec;7(4):284-7.

Marsh D, Suchak K, Moutasim KA, Vallath S, Hopper C, Jerjes W, Upile T, Kalavrezos N, Violette SM, Weinreb PH, Chester KA, Chana JS, Marshall JF, Hart IR, Hackshaw AK, Piper K, Thomas GJ. Stromal features are predictive of disease mortality in oral cancer patients. J Pathol. 2011 Mar;223(4):470-81.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Mosse CA, Akram S, Hopper C. Prospective evaluation of outcome after transoral CO(2) laser resection of T1/T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011 Aug;112(2):180-7.

Angouridakis N, Kafas P, Jerjes W, Triaridis S, Upile T, Karkavelas G, Nikolaou A. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous transformation of the head and neck. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Feb 4;3:5.

Upile T, Jerjes WK, Sterenborg HJ, Wong BJ, El-Naggar AK, Ilgner JF, Sandison A, Witjes MJ, Biel MA, van Veen R, Hamdoon Z, Gillenwater A, Mosse CA, Robinson DJ, Betz CS, Stepp H, Bolotine L, McKenzie G, Barr H, Chen Z, Berg K, D'Cruz AK, Sudhoff H, Stone N, Kendall C, Fisher S, Macrobert AJ, Leunig A, Olivo M, Richards-Kortum R, Soo KC, Bagnato V, Choo-Smith LP, Svanberg K, Tan IB, Wilson BC, Wolfsen H, Bigio I, Yodh AG, Hopper C. At the frontiers of surgery: review. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Feb 9;3(1):7.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hopper C. Optical coherence tomography-guided photodynamic therapy for skin cancer: case study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2011 Mar;8(1):49-52.

Osher J, Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Morley S, Hopper C. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue base treated with ultrasound-guided interstitial photodynamic therapy: a case study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2011 Mar;8(1):68-71.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Mahil J, Upile N, Sudhoff H, Wright A, Hopper C. An explanation for the worsened prognosis in some cancer patients of perioperative transfusion: the time-dependent release of biologically active growth factors from stored blood products. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Dec;268(12):1789-94.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Mosse CA, Akram S, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy outcome for oral dysplasia. Lasers Surg Med. 2011 Mar;43(3):192-9.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Al-Khawalde M, Morcos M, Mosse CA, Hopper C. CO(2) laser of oral dysplasia: clinicopathological features of recurrence and malignant transformation. Lasers Med Sci. 2012 Jan;27(1):169-79.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Abbas S, Akram S, Mosse CA, Morley S, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy: The minimally invasive surgical intervention for advanced and/or recurrent tongue base carcinoma. Lasers Surg Med. 2011 Apr;43(4):283-92.

Upile T, Stimpson P, Christie M, Mahil J, Tailor H, Jerjes WK. Use of gel caps to aid endoscopic insertion of nasogastric feeding tubes: a comparative audit. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 May 7;3(1):24.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Mahil J, Hopper C, Sudhoff H. The use of optical technology to monitor the antiangiogenic effects of gefitinib treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a brief report. Lasers Med Sci. 2012 Jan;27(1):257-60.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Mosse CA, Akram S, Morley S, Hopper C. Interstitial PDT for vascular anomalies. Lasers Surg Med. 2011 Jul;43(5):357-65.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Alexander Mosse C, Morcos M, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy outcome for T1/T2 N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. Lasers Surg Med. 2011 Aug;43(6):463-9.

Jerjes W, Upile T. Use of medical titles by non-doctors can mislead patients. BMJ. 2011 Jul 20;343:d4241.

Jerjes WK, Upile T, Wong BJ, Betz CS, Sterenborg HJ, Witjes MJ, Berg K, van Veen R, Biel MA, El-Naggar AK, Mosse CA, Olivo M, Richards-Kortum R, Robinson DJ, Rosen J, Yodh AG, Kendall C, Ilgner JF, Amelink A, Bagnato V, Barr H, Bolotine L, Bigio I, Chen Z, Choo-Smith LP, D'Cruz AK, Gillenwater A, Leunig A, Macrobert AJ, McKenzie G, Sandison A, Soo KC, Stepp H, Stone N, Svanberg K, Tan IB, Wilson BC, Wolfsen H, Hopper C. The future of medical diagnostics: review paper. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Aug 23;3(1):38.

Jerjes W, Mahil J, Upile T. English law for the surgeon I: Consent, capacity and Competence. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Sep 17;3:41.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Alexander Mosse C, Hamdoon Z, Morcos M, Morley S, Hopper C. Prospective evaluation of 110 patients following ultrasound-guided photodynamic therapy for deep seated pathologies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2011 Dec;8(4):297-306.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Radhi H, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy and end-stage tongue base cancer: short communication. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Dec 7;3(1):49.

Jerjes W, Mahil J, Upile T. English law for the surgeon II: Clinical negligence. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Dec 21;3(1):52.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Radhi H, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy vs. photochemical internalization: The surgical margin. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Dec 22;3(1):53.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Mahil J, Tailor H, Balakumar R, Rao A, Qureshi Y, Bowman I, Mukhopadhyay S. How to do it: the difficult thyroid. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Dec 23;3(1):54.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Radhi H, Al-Khawalde M, Kafas P, Nouraei S, Sudhoff H. Vascular mimicry in cultured head and neck tumour cell lines. Head Neck Oncol. 2011 Dec 23;3(1):55.

Persaud RA, Jerjes W, Upile T. Masking made easy: a picture does speak a thousand words. Clin Otolaryngol. 2011 Dec;36(6):591.

Abbas S, Jerjes W, Upile T, Vincent A, Hopper C. Treatment of Kimura disease with photodynamic therapy: a case study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012 Mar;9(1):83-6.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Radhi H, Petrie A, Abiola J, Adams A, Kafas P, Callear J, Carbiner R, Rajaram K, Hopper C. The effect of tobacco and alcohol and their reduction/cessation on mortality in oral cancer patients: short communication. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Mar 12;4:6.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Radhi H, Petrie A, Abiola J, Adams A, Callear J, Kafas P, Abbas S, Rajaram K, Hopper C. cTNM vs. pTNM: the effect of not applying ultrasonography in the identification of cervical nodal disease. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Mar 12;4:5.

Upile T, Mahil J, Jerjes W. Advances in consenting: the rule of 3 and its modifications for the surgeon. Clin Otolaryngol. 2012 Apr;37(2):165-6.

Jerjes W, Upile T, Radhi H, Petrie A, Adams A, Callear J, Kafas P, Hopper C. Delay in pathological tissue processing time vs. mortality in oral cancer: Short communication. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Apr 26;4(1):14.

Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy in the management of potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Apr 30;4(1):16.

Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Hopper C. CO2 lasers in the management of potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Apr 30;4(1):17.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Singh S, Al-Khawalde M, Hamdoon Z, Radhi H, Hopper C. The use of specific anti-growth factor antibodies to abrogate the oncological consequences of transfusion in head & neck squamous cell carcinoma: An in vitro study. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 May 16;4(1):22.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Radhi H, Mahil J, Rao A, Hopper C. Elastic scattering spectroscopy in assessing skin lesions: An "in vivo" study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012 Jun;9(2):132-41.

Abbas S, Jerjes W, Upile T, Vaz F, Hopper C. The palliative role of PDT in recurrent advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Case series. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012 Jun;9(2):142-7.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Al-Khawalde M, Kafas P, Frampton S, Gray A, Addis B, Sandison A, Patel N, Sudhoff H, Radhi H. 'Branchial Cysts' within the Parotid Salivary Gland. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 May 18;4(1):24.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sipaul F, Sandison A, Kafas P, Al-Khawalde M, Radhi H. A patient with ulcerated calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe in the pinna: case report. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 May 21;4(1):25.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Al-Delayme R, McKenzie G, Jay A, Hopper C. Structural validation of oral mucosal tissue using optical coherence tomography. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Jun 6;4(1):29.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Al-Delayme R, Hopper C. Solitary giant neurofibroma of the neck subjected to photodynamic therapy: case study. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Jun 6;4(1):30.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Al-Khawalde M, Radhi H. Oral sex, cancer and death: sexually transmitted cancers. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Jun 6;4(1):31.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Abiola J, Kafas P, Sandison A, Hamdoon Z, Al-Khawalde M, Radhi H. A patient with primary Burkitt's lymphoma of the postnasal space: case report. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Jun 13;4(1):33.

Trilling GM, Cho H, Ugas MA, Saeed S, Katunda A, Jerjes W, Giannoudis PV. Spinal metastasis in head and neck cancer. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Jun 20;4(1):36.

Carbiner R, Jerjes W, Shakib K, Giannoudis PV, Hopper C. Analysis of the compatibility of dental implant systems in fibula free flap reconstruction. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Jun 21;4(1):37.

Ramadan S, Ugas MA, Berwick R, Notay M, Cho H, Jerjes W, Giannoudis PV. Spinal metastasis in thyroid cancer. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Jun 25;4(1):39.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Sandison A, Sudhoff H, Wong BJ, Hopper C. The ABC of Head and Neck Oncology publishing ethics. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Sep 9;4(2):42.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Mahil J, Hamdoon Z, Radhi H. Microendoscopy: a clinical reality in intra-operative margin analysis of head and neck lesions. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Sep 9;4(2):43.

Kafas P, Parisis N, Tziafas D, Kalfas S, Upile T, Jerjes W. Correlation between bcl-2 and ki67 in radicular epitheliated granulomas. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Sep 9;4(2):62.

Ugas MA, Cho H, Trilling GM, Tahir Z, Raja HF, Ramadan S, Jerjes W, Giannoudis PV. Central and peripheral venous lines-associated blood stream infections in the critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg Innov Res. 2012 Sep 4;6(1):8.

Jerjes W, Upile T. English law for the surgeon III: Loss of Chance: Gregg v Scott revisited. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Oct 14;4(3):67.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Al-Delayme R, Upile T, Vaz F. Radiation-induced high grade spindle cell sarcoma of the sternomastoid muscle: case report. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Oct 15;4(3):68.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Johal O, Lew-Gor S, Sudhoff H. The Deleterious nature of the invasive front and dysplasia at margin in the long term outcome from surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Oct 31;4(3):72.

Upile T, Jerjes W, Johal O, Lew-Gor S, Mahil J, Sudhoff H. A new tool to inform intra-operative decision making in skin cancer treatment: the non-invasive assessment of basal cell carcinoma of the skin using elastic scattering spectroscopy. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Oct 31;4(3):74.

Jerjes WK, Upile T, Wong BJ, Rosen CD, Hopper C, Giannoudis PV. Hard Tissue: shaping minds for the future. Hard Tissue. 2012 Nov 10;1(1):1.

Callear J, Jerjes WK, Tan HB, Giannoudis PV. Thyroid and bone fragility. Hard Tissue. 2012 Nov 10;1(1):7.

Jerjes W, Tan HB, Hopper C, Giannoudis PV. Spinal metastasis subjected to photodynamic therapy: an update. Hard Tissue. 2012 Nov 10;1(1):8.

Jerjes W, Tan HB, Hopper C, Giannoudis PV. Surgical site infections subjected to photodynamic therapy: a potential application in orthopaedic surgery. Hard Tissue. 2012 Nov 10;1(1):9.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Al-Delayme RM, Upile T, Hopper C. Glass displaced into the infratemporal region from submandibular injury: case report. Hard Tissue. 2012 Nov 10;1(1):6.

Raja H, Upile T, Jerjes W, Charakias N, Dewan V, Redfern RM. Microscopic endo-nasal access in pituitary surgery for tumour removal: 8 year review of nasal complications. Head Neck Oncol. 2012 Nov 23;4(4):76.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, Upile T, McKenzie G, Jay A, Hopper C. Optical coherence tomography in the assessment of suspicious oral lesions: an immediate ex vivo study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2013 Feb;10(1):17-27.

Al-Delayme R, Al-Khen M, Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W. Skeletal and dental relapses after skeletal class III deformity correction surgery: single-jaw versus double-jaw procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013 Apr;115(4):466-72.

Jerjes W, Hopper C. Erratum to: cTNM vs. pTNM: the effect of not applying ultrasonography in the identification of cervical nodal disease. Head Neck Oncol. 2013 Aug 22;5(4):47.

Jerjes W, Hopper C. Head and Neck Oncology - the sixth year (part1): Editorial. Head Neck Oncol 2014 Apr 26;6(1):1.

Jerjes W. Evidence-based analysis: The rise and fall of Head and Neck Oncology I: the audit and subsequent investigations. Head Neck Oncol 2014 Aug 05;6(4):33.

Head and Neck Oncology, an open access journal with a closed peer-review system, achieved its first official impact factor on the 2nd of July, 2012. As a result, it achieved the prestigious status of boasting the highest impact factor of any journal in the head and neck discipline in the world.

On the 4th of July, 2012 BioMed Central (the former publisher of the journal) reported serious editorial misconduct following an unannounced internal audit.

On the 6th of July, 2012 BioMed Central asked all four Editors-in-chief to stand down or face serious consequences. BioMed Central also stated that they were looking for replacement Editors.

On the 11th July, 2012 BioMed Central decided to initiate its first investigation, promising the Editors-in-chief a meeting to discuss the upcoming results. BioMed Central also blocked the Editors’ access to the editorial tools, preventing them from looking at the journal’s peer-review history.
 
On the 1st August, 2012 BioMed Central emailed the Editors-in-chief a list of no less than 80 allegations of wrongdoing. The publishing-house requested a ‘satisfactory’ response within 24 hours or the journal would be closed.

BioMed Central went on to cease publishing Head and Neck Oncology and emailed authors with articles under consideration for the journal and editorial board members to confirm the same. The journal moved to another publisher with its editorial board intact, releasing its first new issue on the 9th September, 2012.

On the 8th of August, 2012 BioMed Central started its second investigation against the journal but this was upgraded on the 15th of August to an article-based investigation.

On 17th of October, 2012 BioMed Central made a formal complaint against the three UK-based Editors-in-chief (Colin Hopper, Waseem Jerjes and Tahwinder Upile) to University College London and cooperated with a joint investigation that was carried out by University College London and University College London Hospitals. The investigation found no case to follow up.

BioMed Central’s senior staff failed to reach a definitive conclusion regarding any of the allegations against the three Editors-in-chief.

From the 26th of November to the 6th of December, 2013 BioMed Central began asking Head and Neck Oncology authors to consider post-publication peer-reviews. The publisher stated that if they did not accept the reviews they would put a note, stating that the piece was ‘badly handled’, next to the authors’ articles.

On the 5th of February, 2014 BioMed Central implemented that and added notes next to many of the articles indexed on PubMed and archived in PubMed Central. The notes alleged that one of the Editors, Waseem Jerjes, self-handled 15 articles that he co-authored. It is confirmed later in this piece, however, that 3 editorial board members actually handled 9 out of the 15 articles in question.

BioMed Central was asked to send a hard and electronic copy of the journal’s peer-review history to the Editors for examination. The publisher refused to do so.

From their combined experience, it is the editor’s belief, that this is the first time that a publisher has behaved in such a manner against its own Editors-in-Chief and the academic community of the head and neck oncology discipline. In a series of communications, I share my experience and scientifically analyse the good and the bad in the hope that it will benefit future generations of academics. The Editors continue to provide support to the editorial board members, authors and readers of Head and Neck Oncology.

In the following paragraphs, I aim to highlight the issues surrounding the journal and BioMed Central and its senior staff (Deborah Kahn, Jigisha Patel and Shreeya Nanda) regarding the internal audit and the subsequent investigations.

Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W, McKenzie G, Jay A, Hopper C. Optical coherence tomography in the assessment of oral squamous cell carcinoma resection margins. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015 Jul 22.

Sultan AA, Kapp JR, Jerjes W, Hamoudi R, Morley S, Hopper C. Primary Burkitt-like lymphoma of the orbit diagnosed using ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy: A case study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 28 (2016) 36–40.

Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Abdulkareem AA, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy in the management of actinic keratosis: Retrospective evaluation of outcome. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016 May 9.

INTRODUCTION:

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive intervention used in the management of tissue disorders. In this retrospective study, a total of 62 patients with actinic keratosis (AKs) were treated with surface illumination PDT. Comparisons with the clinical features, rate of recurrence as well as malignant transformation and overall outcome were made.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The medical records of 62 consecutive patients who presented with suspicious skin lesions and diagnosed with AKs were examined. These patients with 178 AKs lesions were treated with surface illumination methyl aminolevulinate - photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT). The 16% strength cream (MAL) was applied topically 3hours prior to tissue illumination. A single-channel 628nm diode laser was used for illumination and light was delivered at 100J/cm2 per site. These patients were followed-up for a mean of 7.4 years.

RESULTS:

Eight recurrences were reported after the first round of MAL-PDT, and two recurrences after the second round. Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was noted in 2 patients only. The 3-year outcome resulted in 60 patients with complete response (CR), and this was maintained at the final outcome (last clinic review). Assessment of lesional outcome vs. response showed that 175/178 treated lesions had complete response (CR) at 3-year follow-up, which increased to 176/178 lesions at the last clinic follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

MAL-PDT offers an effective treatment for AKs lesions with excellent cosmetic outcome.

Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Hamoudi R, Al-Khawalde M, Hopper C. Gigantic vascular anomaly in a PHACE syndrome patient managed with photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016 May 23.

Sultan AA*, Jerjes W*, Berg K, Høgset A, Mosse CA, Hamoudi R, Hamdoon Z, Simeon C, Carnell D, Forster M, Hopper C. Disulfonated tetraphenyl chlorin (TPCS_2a)-induced photochemical internalisation of bleomycin in patients with solid malignancies: a phase 1, dose-escalation, first-in-man trial. The Lancet Oncology 2016; (published online July 27.)

*Equal contribution

Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy in the management of basal cell carcinoma: Retrospective evaluation of outcome. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2017 Apr 22. pii: S1572-1000(17)30273-9.

Abstract

Introduction

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new method of treating various kinds of pathologies. In this retrospective study, a total of 148 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were treated with surface illumination methyl aminolevulinate – photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) or meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC-PDT). Comparisons with the clinical features, rate of recurrence and overall outcome were made.

Materials and methods

Surface illumination PDT was offered under local or general anaesthesia. For thin BCCs, the 16% strength cream (MAL) was applied topically 3 h prior to tissue illumination. A single-channel 628 nm diode laser was used for illumination and light was delivered at 100J/cm² per site. For thick BCCs, 0.05 mg/kg mTHPC was administered intravenously prior to tissue illumination. A single-channel 652 nm diode laser was used for illumination and light was delivered at 20J/cm² per site. Lesion response evaluation was carried out according to RECIST.

Results

The MAL-PDT sub-group included 86 patients with 127 thin BCCs; 80 patients had complete response (CR) after one round of treatment. The mTHPC-PDT sub-group included 62 patients with 116 thick BCCs; 60 patients had complete response after one round of treatment. Statistically significant factors associated with complete response to MAL-PDT included superficial BCC histotype (P < 0.001), ≤0.5 mm tumour thickness (P < 0.001) and lack of ulceration (P < 0.001). While for the mTHPC-PDT sub-group, both superficial and nodular types responded significantly better than invasive type (P < 0.001); the lack of ulceration was insignificant factor in achieving complete response.

Conclusion

PDT achieved high efficacy in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas with greatly reduced morbidity and disfigurement. The technique is simple, can commonly be carried out in outpatient clinics, and is highly acceptable to patients.

Albrektsson T, Goodacre C, Jacobs R, Jerjes W, Korfage A, Larsson C, Neukam F, Packer M, Pommer B, van Steenberghe D, Veitz-Keenan A, Wennerberg A. FOR Consensus Conference - November 16 & 17, 2017.Eur J Oral Implantol. 2018;11 Suppl 1:S9-S13.

Jerjes W, Hopper C. Surgical experience, workload and learning curve vs postoperative outcome. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2018;11 Suppl 1:S167-S178.